To IP and Beyond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

To IP and Beyond - Essay Example Additionally, it is believed to be a biggest success for the reason that it successfully provided a small number of fundamental capabilities and services that everyone required at that time. In this scenario, some of the well-known applications and services that were supported by these protocols included remote logon, file transfer, and electronic mail (email) to a large number of users as well as server systems. In fact, a number of different systems located in a small building or office can employ TCP/IP (in conjunction with additional protocols) on a single local area network (LAN). Basically, this is a combination of two protocols, in which the internet protocol (IP) was established to fulfill a need for consistency of distinctiveness. Hence, the development of this protocol allowed all computers across the earth to share data and information the same way. In fact, it is the most affordable method to make a universal network (The TCP/IP Guide, 2005; Polenin, 2012; Gilbert, 1995). In addition, the IP part of the protocol allows effective routing from one location of a building to the organization’s central network, afterward to provincial networks, and ultimately to the worldwide Internet. As it was developed by DOD so it was intended to be used to provide support and services in battlefield. In view of the fact that on the battleground a communication medium or network will be used to maintain damage, hence the DOD developed TCP/IP to be vigorous and without human intervention recovers from any phone line or terminal breakdown. In this scenario, this design facilitated them to construct a very large network with less central management. Though, due to the computerized processing, there was a chance that a wide variety of network issues can go uncorrected and unidentified for long periods of time. On the other hand, the development of TCP was aimed at providing the connection-oriented communication. In this scenario, the basic purpose of this developm ent was to provide a way for information distribution and communication in which a computer is able to set up an instant link to a server prior to additional communication takes place. However, if a computer does not establish a connection to a server, a server will pay no attention to that computer's request (The TCP/IP Guide, 2005; Polenin, 2012; Gilbert, 1995). The Evolution of TCP/IP In today’s ever-increasing global environment, businesses as well as people heavily rely on the capability to get access to certain data and information and sharing it with others. In fact, this wonderful capability has a serious impact on the advancements of technology and developments of innovations in the world. Without a doubt, governments play a significant role in instigating the development of innovations and latest technologies to improve the quality of communication tools that can support better communication with the intention of speeding up the dispersion of change in the world. In this scenario, the history of TCP/IP can be traced back to the 1960's when a government firm known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was looking for a technology or way for sharing data and information with group mates at remote locations. At that time, their basic aim was to design and implement a technique that

Accounting and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting and management - Essay Example Wages have increased by almost by 17%, electricity expenses have gone up by 11%; a similar increase has been experienced for accountant charges. Single digit increases have been witnessed by expenses on rent (9.09%), insurance premium (5.66%), and telephone bill (6.25%). The most distressing deviation has been suffered by the component of sundry expenses, by an abnormal amount of 40%. This points out to the fact that the company does not have adequate control on money flowing out in minute amounts. It has spent in necessary amounts that have resulted in the sundry expenses surging so high. The high sundry expenses can have another implication as well. There might be corruption in the system and the employees take undue advantage of the same. There needs to be sufficient control on the expenses as revealed by the analysis. Samuel Pepys needs to carry out adequate research before he embarks on the preparation of annual budget. The company had actually exhibited operational efficiency by garnering a higher sales volume than was budgeted. However, all of that achievement got subsided by the enormous costs incurred by the company. Use of accessories like telephone and electricity must be regulated and used as needed. Unnecessary wastage of costly resources must be avoided. Methodical accounting of all expenses must be carried out and reviewed on a periodical basis so that the purpose for which a cost is occurring gets effectively monitored. The management should initiate proper steps to ensure that they can check the adverse labour rate variance and material cost variance. Though the actual sales has increased from the budgeted sales, yet because of the increased expenditures, the company’s actual profit is lower than that of the budgeted profit. So, to check the excess expenditures proper steps are recommended to the